Christianity is based in Second Temple Judaism, however the two religious beliefs diverged in the first hundreds of years of the Christian age. Christianity stresses proper belief or orthodoxy, concentrating on the New Covenant as mediated through Jesus Christ, as documented in the New Testament. Judaism places importance on proper behavior or orthopraxy, focusing on the Mosaic covenant, as documented in the Torah and Talmud.

Christians believe in individual redemption from sin through accepting Jesus Christ as their Lord (God) and messiah. Jews believe in individual and cumulative involvement in an endless conversation with God through custom, traditions, praying and moral behavior. Christianity commonly believes in a Triune God, one individual of whom became a human being. Judaism stresses the Oneness of God plus decline the Christian idea of God in human form.